RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência no tratamento do esgoto doméstico de uma cidade do interior paulista, pela análise de micronúcleos e anormalidades nucleares nos eritrócitos de tilápias expostas ao efluente bruto e ao tratado. Duas coletas foram realizadas: uma na estação chuvosa e outra na estação seca. Foram utilizados três aquários de 20 L nos experimentos, com cinco peixes cada. No primeiro, os animais foram expostos à água de poço artesiano (controle negativo); no segundo, ao esgoto bruto diluído; no terceiro, ao esgoto após tratamento. Decorrido o tempo de exposição (72 h), coletou-se o sangue desses animais para obtenção de lâminas de esfregaço. Os resultados obtidos mostraram efeitos genotóxicos e mutagênicos do efluente bruto, em ambas as coletas; porém, esses efeitos não foram significativos após o tratamento do esgoto, o que mostra que o processo utilizado no tratamento foi eficiente para minimizar tais efeitos.

ABSTRACT This study aimed at evaluating the efficiency in the domestic wastewater treatment from a city of Sao Paulo State (Brazil), by micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities analysis in erythrocytes of tilapias exposed to raw and treated wastewater. Two samples were collected. Three aquariums of 20 L, with five fish each, were used in the bioassays. In the first, the animals were exposed to the artesian water (negative control); in the second, to the diluted raw wastewater; and in the third, to after wastewater treatment. After the exposure time (72 h), the blood was collected for preparing the smear slides. The results showed genotoxic and mutagenic effects of the raw wastewater in both samples, showing that the process used was efficient to minimize these effects.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of estradiol valerate in an attempt to feminize the male Astyanax altiparanae. One thousand newly-hatched larvae were randomly distributed in four incubators. During a period of 30 days, estradiol valerate was administered in different dosages (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg of diet); the control group did not receive hormone in the diet. After 161 days of hatching, biometry was performed on 50 fishes per treatment group, and the gonads were analyzed. The hormone treatments were effective in feminizing A. altiparanae, achieving 70-76% of the desired sex, while the control treatment had 44% females. The hormone did not affect the growth of fish.

The karyotypes of the following six species of Brazilian Psocoptera are reported: Caecillius sp. (Caecillidae), Triplocania ? caudata New (Ptiloneuridae), Brachinodiscus cf. lepidus (Banks) (Psocidae), Psococerastis interrupta New (Psocidae), Ptycta nr reticulata New (Psocidae) and Trichadenotecnum sinuatum New (Psocidae). All of them had males with 2n = 17 and an XO sex determining mechanism.

This report describes the karyotype of a Brazilian Diplopod species (Arthropoda), Sandalodesmus gasparae (Schubart, Acta Zool. Lilloana Inst. "Miguel Lillo" 2: 321-440,1944), collected from a termite mound Cornitermes bequaerti. This species has 2n = 12. The sex pair could not be distinguished.

Pseudonannolene tocaiensis, sp.n. is described from Brazil, São Paulo, Itirapina. The karyotypes of P. tocaiensis, sp.n. and P. strinatti Mauriès, 1974 are also presented, both species are found in cave environments. P. tocaiensis has 2n=20, XY and P. strinatti, 2n=16; it was not possible to observe the sex determination mechanism in the latter.

Three new species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 diplopods are described: P. anapophysis (type locality, "Caverna Lapão", Bahia), P. imbirensis (type locality, "Caverna São Mateus", Imbira III, Goiás), and P. chaimowiczi (Minas Gerais, Bahia)

The morphology of the testicles of some Brazilian species of Diplopoda is described. One type is scalariform, with two deferent ducts and the other consists of some single deferent duct. Phyllogenetic considerations on the structure are made.